Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 4,901–5,000 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA · State Senate District 9GEOID 51009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.385500K: 0.391 | 0.868500K: 0.868 | 70.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 582.889 km9,759 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 44GEOID 01044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.386500K: 0.402 | 0.842500K: 0.842 | 65.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.2% | 84.943 km1,260 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 1GEOID 30001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.386500K: 0.392 | 0.829500K: 0.829 | 65.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 470.057 km5,928 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 34GEOID 08034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.386500K: 0.407 | 0.723500K: 0.723 | 70.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.2% | 47.201 km1,201 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 12GEOID 13012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.386500K: 0.397 | 0.858500K: 0.858 | 70.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 622.926 km6,636 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 62GEOID 35062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.386500K: 0.387 | 0.746500K: 0.747 | 65.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 137.885 km580 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State Senate District 5GEOID 30005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.386500K: 0.400 | 0.811500K: 0.811 | 70.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.6% | 163.421 km2,873 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative Subdistrict 30AGEOID 2430A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.386500K: 0.295 | 0.785500K: 0.721 | 65.3middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 23.4% | 72.892 km1,034 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 62GEOID 26062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.386500K: 0.221 | 0.732500K: 0.531 | 65.3middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 42.7% | 97.972 km520 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State Senate District 20GEOID 49020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.386500K: 0.392 | 0.831500K: 0.831 | 70.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 956.997 km12,876 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 101GEOID 28101 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.386500K: 0.389 | 0.750500K: 0.751 | 65.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 52.764 km887 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 75GEOID 28075 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.386500K: 0.393 | 0.831500K: 0.832 | 65.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 194.924 km2,453 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 14GEOID 39014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.395 | 0.819500K: 0.820 | 65.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 48.314 km453 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 62GEOID 36062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.329 | 0.766500K: 0.714 | 65.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 14.8% | 56.209 km456 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Congressional District 9GEOID 3609 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.387500K: 0.390 | 0.828500K: 0.828 | 79.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 35.751 km381 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Senate District 37GEOID 24037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.387500K: 0.077 | 0.852500K: 0.705 | 70.5middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 80.1% | 399.805 km4,899 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 57GEOID 55057 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.387 | 0.808500K: 0.808 | 65.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 323.805 km1,776 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 105GEOID 22105 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.090 | 0.703500K: 0.559 | 65.4middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 76.9% | 465.421 km1,565 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 36GEOID 36036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.387500K: 0.424 | 0.789500K: 0.789 | 70.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.8% | 30.94 km775 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State House District 4GEOID 02004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.165 | 0.824500K: 0.752 | 65.4middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 57.3% | 443.465 km3,406 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State House District 72GEOID 49072 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.395 | 0.802500K: 0.805 | 65.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 288.315 km2,992 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 100GEOID 05100 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.388 | 0.869500K: 0.869 | 65.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 66.69 km1,249 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 34GEOID 41034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.398 | 0.778500K: 0.779 | 65.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 33.777 km720 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 1AGEOID 2701A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.393 | 0.850500K: 0.850 | 65.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 660.996 km9,378 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 1GEOID 20001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.387500K: 0.389 | 0.793500K: 0.793 | 70.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 567.882 km5,175 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 44GEOID 15044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.315 | 0.809500K: 0.763 | 65.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 18.5% | 56.429 km875 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State Senate District 35GEOID 27035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.387500K: 0.392 | 0.795500K: 0.795 | 70.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 51.7 km592 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State House District 70GEOID 49070 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.387500K: 0.388 | 0.762500K: 0.762 | 65.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 800.885 km4,601 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State Senate District 30GEOID 41030 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.387500K: 0.392 | 0.873500K: 0.873 | 70.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 1,861.722 km18,364 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 23GEOID 20023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.387500K: 0.391 | 0.838500K: 0.838 | 70.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 72.269 km877 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State Senate District 10GEOID 12010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.387500K: 0.399 | 0.805500K: 0.805 | 70.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 175.535 km3,278 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 26GEOID 36026 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.262 | 0.752500K: 0.704 | 65.6middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 32.3% | 33.063 km405 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State House District 64GEOID 17064 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.401 | 0.852500K: 0.852 | 65.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 109.558 km2,245 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 71GEOID 37071 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.398 | 0.798500K: 0.799 | 65.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.6% | 62.042 km1,721 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 63GEOID 09063 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.390 | 0.917500K: 0.918 | 65.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 90.938 km1,143 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 20GEOID 20020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.388500K: 0.390 | 0.835500K: 0.835 | 70.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 285.636 km2,985 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 53GEOID 42053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.390 | 0.824500K: 0.824 | 65.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 42.339 km684 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State Senate District 32GEOID 38032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.388500K: 0.391 | 0.728500K: 0.729 | 70.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 21.297 km289 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 32GEOID 38032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.391 | 0.728500K: 0.729 | 65.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 21.297 km289 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Grafton 13GEOID 33413 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.402 | 0.704500K: 0.706 | 65.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 32.089 km514 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Congressional District 1GEOID 3401 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.388500K: 0.401 | 0.802500K: 0.803 | 79.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 178.54 km5,050 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 6th Middlesex DistrictGEOID 25064 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.397 | 0.709500K: 0.710 | 65.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 28.425 km448 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 50GEOID 48050 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.391 | 0.770500K: 0.770 | 65.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 68.264 km918 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 101GEOID 26101 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.388 | 0.732500K: 0.733 | 65.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 403.014 km2,961 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State Senate District 40GEOID 27040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.388500K: 0.390 | 0.829500K: 0.829 | 71.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 58.517 km715 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 32GEOID 72032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.407 | 0.769500K: 0.770 | 65.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.5% | 55.439 km1,281 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 29GEOID 42029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.388500K: 0.393 | 0.790500K: 0.790 | 71.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 341.588 km3,286 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State House District 110GEOID 17110 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.395 | 0.790500K: 0.790 | 65.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 476.679 km4,979 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 79GEOID 28079 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.388500K: 0.390 | 0.775500K: 0.776 | 65.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 267.479 km2,553 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 28GEOID 36028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.397 | 0.772500K: 0.772 | 65.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 20.948 km310 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (Senate) District 16GEOID 53016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.389500K: 0.391 | 0.822500K: 0.822 | 71.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 531.609 km3,601 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (House) District 16GEOID 53016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.391 | 0.822500K: 0.822 | 65.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 531.609 km3,601 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 15GEOID 28015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.390 | 0.747500K: 0.747 | 65.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 148.07 km2,523 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 46BGEOID 2746B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.398 | 0.755500K: 0.758 | 65.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.4% | 31.138 km506 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State Senate District 29GEOID 39029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.389500K: 0.397 | 0.818500K: 0.818 | 71.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 195.157 km1,956 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 35BGEOID 2735B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.391 | 0.818500K: 0.819 | 65.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 36.271 km450 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 106GEOID 12106 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.210 | 0.908500K: 0.800 | 66.0middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 46.0% | 84.453 km750 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 87GEOID 01087 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.398 | 0.855500K: 0.855 | 66.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 234.043 km1,979 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · Congressional District 13GEOID 4213 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.389500K: 0.395 | 0.832500K: 0.833 | 79.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 731.478 km11,054 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 79GEOID 23079 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.403 | 0.811500K: 0.811 | 66.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.6% | 114.516 km1,159 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 53GEOID 35053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.391 | 0.704500K: 0.704 | 66.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 197.418 km1,863 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 97GEOID 22097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.415 | 0.792500K: 0.793 | 66.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.2% | 28.664 km663 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 2GEOID 18002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.323 | 0.791500K: 0.764 | 66.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 16.9% | 59.571 km997 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 9GEOID 30009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.404 | 0.818500K: 0.819 | 66.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 147.037 km2,446 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 19GEOID 09019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.389500K: 0.396 | 0.709500K: 0.710 | 66.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 43.566 km674 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 53GEOID 36053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.395 | 0.736500K: 0.737 | 66.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 15.487 km203 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 86GEOID 42086 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.396 | 0.833500K: 0.834 | 66.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 272.47 km4,473 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 16GEOID 21016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.406 | 0.821500K: 0.821 | 66.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.0% | 306.629 km4,871 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 34GEOID 42034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.390500K: 0.397 | 0.864500K: 0.864 | 71.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 333.814 km5,638 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 117GEOID 45117 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.395 | 0.781500K: 0.781 | 66.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 53.403 km1,374 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 66GEOID 44066 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.403 | 0.727500K: 0.732 | 66.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.3% | 26.723 km706 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 19GEOID 36019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.390500K: 0.397 | 0.841500K: 0.842 | 71.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.7% | 44.38 km360 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 11GEOID 30011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.406 | 0.852500K: 0.852 | 66.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.9% | 170.859 km3,492 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · State Senate District 10GEOID 32010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.390500K: 0.391 | 0.765500K: 0.765 | 71.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 59.86 km1,201 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 9GEOID 40009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.390500K: 0.394 | 0.781500K: 0.781 | 71.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 218.896 km2,657 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 13BGEOID 2713B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.401 | 0.824500K: 0.824 | 66.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 117.252 km1,485 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State Senate District 24GEOID 26024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.390500K: 0.393 | 0.808500K: 0.808 | 71.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 213.486 km1,668 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 8GEOID 72008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.418 | 0.837500K: 0.838 | 66.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.7% | 38.455 km1,239 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 12GEOID 29012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.390500K: 0.392 | 0.858500K: 0.858 | 71.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 914.055 km6,953 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 15GEOID 22015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.403 | 0.801500K: 0.801 | 66.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.1% | 138.85 km3,009 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 40GEOID 45040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.398 | 0.829500K: 0.829 | 66.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 234.421 km4,571 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State Senate District 11GEOID 12011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.390500K: 0.361 | 0.748500K: 0.785 | 71.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.6% | 447.935 km4,208 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 31GEOID 26031 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.391 | 0.767500K: 0.767 | 66.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 180.85 km901 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 33GEOID 22033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.390500K: 0.406 | 0.819500K: 0.819 | 66.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.9% | 154.893 km1,087 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 2nd Essex DistrictGEOID 25025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.395 | 0.730500K: 0.732 | 66.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 101.949 km1,741 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 185GEOID 42185 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.402 | 0.817500K: 0.821 | 66.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 44.295 km779 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State House District 38GEOID 17038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.395 | 0.830500K: 0.830 | 66.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 70.048 km1,563 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · Assembly District 34GEOID 32034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.394 | 0.790500K: 0.791 | 66.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 30.721 km788 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 128GEOID 42128 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.403 | 0.791500K: 0.791 | 66.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 107.741 km1,765 vertices · 3 parts · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 132GEOID 29132 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.399 | 0.805500K: 0.805 | 66.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 31.086 km725 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 66GEOID 19066 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.391 | 0.749500K: 0.749 | 66.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 304.926 km1,929 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 22GEOID 35022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.396 | 0.867500K: 0.867 | 66.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 393.952 km3,929 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 39GEOID 30039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.404 | 0.716500K: 0.717 | 66.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.3% | 26.131 km536 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · Congressional District 3GEOID 0403 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.391500K: 0.393 | 0.831500K: 0.832 | 79.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 131.123 km1,488 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 83GEOID 55083 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.413 | 0.863500K: 0.862 | 66.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.2% | 67.807 km1,190 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 2GEOID 29002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.392 | 0.674500K: 0.674 | 66.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 449.408 km3,933 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 7th Plymouth DistrictGEOID 25117 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.397 | 0.776500K: 0.777 | 66.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 50.432 km899 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 8GEOID 44008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.422 | 0.745500K: 0.752 | 66.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.2% | 10.192 km312 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 104GEOID 23104 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.392 | 0.727500K: 0.727 | 66.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.2% | 75.648 km578 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 86GEOID 20086 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.391500K: 0.393 | 0.725500K: 0.725 | 66.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 21.721 km282 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features