Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 5,201–5,300 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NJ · State Senate District 29GEOID 34029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.404500K: 0.430 | 0.774500K: 0.784 | 74.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.1% | 42.061 km670 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Assembly District 29GEOID 34029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.430 | 0.774500K: 0.784 | 69.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.1% | 42.061 km670 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 137GEOID 42137 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.415 | 0.818500K: 0.819 | 69.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 61.86 km1,975 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 28th Middlesex DistrictGEOID 25086 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.418 | 0.759500K: 0.765 | 69.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 14.405 km317 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 19GEOID 12019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.372 | 0.751500K: 0.733 | 69.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.8% | 239.941 km1,839 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State Senate District 1GEOID 23001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.404500K: 0.414 | 0.831500K: 0.831 | 74.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.5% | 610.164 km3,691 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 2GEOID 37002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.407 | 0.802500K: 0.802 | 69.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 208.055 km3,284 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 41GEOID 36041 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.404500K: 0.405 | 0.815500K: 0.815 | 74.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 434.683 km2,139 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State Senate District 16GEOID 41016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.404500K: 0.355 | 0.812500K: 0.788 | 74.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 12.3% | 538.754 km3,570 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · State Senate District 13GEOID 32013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.404500K: 0.414 | 0.796500K: 0.797 | 74.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.5% | 53.079 km902 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · Assembly District 14GEOID 32014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.407 | 0.772500K: 0.772 | 69.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 25.822 km710 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 22GEOID 37022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.404500K: 0.407 | 0.805500K: 0.805 | 74.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 133.651 km2,165 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 115GEOID 20115 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.405 | 0.780500K: 0.780 | 69.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 579.504 km3,016 vertices · 1 part · 1 hole |
| AR · State Senate District 32GEOID 05032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.404500K: 0.427 | 0.858500K: 0.858 | 74.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.2% | 171.134 km3,485 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 18th Worcester DistrictGEOID 25159 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.409 | 0.815500K: 0.815 | 69.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 91.748 km1,299 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · Congressional District 7GEOID 1207 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.404500K: 0.412 | 0.825500K: 0.829 | 82.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 291.372 km3,808 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 80GEOID 40080 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.404500K: 0.409 | 0.710500K: 0.711 | 69.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 42.746 km543 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 94GEOID 51094 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.257 | 0.821500K: 0.678 | 69.7middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 36.4% | 67.262 km474 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 34GEOID 42034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.424 | 0.823500K: 0.824 | 69.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.7% | 35.978 km914 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 67GEOID 26067 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.409 | 0.786500K: 0.786 | 69.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 190.624 km1,034 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 12GEOID 37012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.417 | 0.832500K: 0.832 | 74.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.0% | 268.935 km7,177 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 10GEOID 40010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.407 | 0.788500K: 0.788 | 69.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 331.705 km3,470 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 106GEOID 23106 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.413 | 0.808500K: 0.808 | 69.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 46.097 km653 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 44GEOID 40044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.406 | 0.789500K: 0.789 | 74.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 51.551 km845 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 81GEOID 30081 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.422 | 0.786500K: 0.787 | 69.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.1% | 48.796 km848 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 78GEOID 47078 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.413 | 0.841500K: 0.841 | 69.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 201.008 km4,099 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 46GEOID 36046 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.216 | 0.782500K: 0.499 | 69.8middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 46.7% | 31.977 km257 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 5AGEOID 2705A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.406 | 0.758500K: 0.758 | 69.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 420.759 km2,772 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 44GEOID 42044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.425 | 0.893500K: 0.894 | 69.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.8% | 93.18 km2,649 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 69GEOID 26069 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.411 | 0.888500K: 0.888 | 69.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 112.571 km753 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State Senate District 11GEOID 38011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.414 | 0.831500K: 0.834 | 74.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 16.591 km214 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 11GEOID 38011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.414 | 0.831500K: 0.834 | 69.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 16.591 km214 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State Senate District 1GEOID 49001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.411 | 0.807500K: 0.807 | 74.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 848.658 km11,106 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · Congressional District 2GEOID 2602 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.405500K: 0.419 | 0.785500K: 0.788 | 82.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.4% | 1,023.797 km4,180 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 35GEOID 08035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.407 | 0.849500K: 0.849 | 74.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 1,437.928 km7,765 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State Senate District 28GEOID 35028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.412 | 0.772500K: 0.772 | 74.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 749.033 km7,020 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State Senate District 15GEOID 19015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.409 | 0.821500K: 0.822 | 74.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 56.524 km973 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 19GEOID 44019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.430 | 0.778500K: 0.785 | 70.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.7% | 20.151 km763 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · State Senate District 17GEOID 32017 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.405500K: 0.409 | 0.838500K: 0.838 | 74.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 1,262.284 km8,041 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 96GEOID 55096 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.412 | 0.800500K: 0.800 | 70.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 265.622 km2,016 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 105GEOID 01105 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.405500K: 0.159 | 0.833500K: 0.525 | 70.0middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 60.8% | 226.234 km2,347 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 4GEOID 37004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.406500K: 0.425 | 0.769500K: 0.769 | 74.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.5% | 310.049 km6,818 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 42GEOID 30042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.408 | 0.837500K: 0.837 | 70.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 457.385 km4,352 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 89GEOID 45089 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.414 | 0.830500K: 0.829 | 70.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 50.825 km956 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 21GEOID 05021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.424 | 0.755500K: 0.756 | 70.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.4% | 31.115 km887 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 62GEOID 42062 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.408 | 0.870500K: 0.870 | 70.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 199.959 km1,905 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Hillsborough 30GEOID 33530 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.415 | 0.804500K: 0.804 | 70.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 90.045 km839 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 140GEOID 42140 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.412 | 0.786500K: 0.786 | 70.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 52.445 km664 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 33GEOID 20033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.406500K: 0.406 | 0.717500K: 0.717 | 74.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.1% | 828.183 km3,887 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative Subdistrict 35AGEOID 2435A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.427 | 0.889500K: 0.889 | 70.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.9% | 138.531 km2,743 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State House District 3GEOID 12003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.417 | 0.823500K: 0.823 | 70.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.6% | 346.841 km4,563 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State Senate District 12GEOID 38012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.406500K: 0.409 | 0.848500K: 0.848 | 75.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 180.159 km1,286 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 12GEOID 38012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.409 | 0.848500K: 0.848 | 70.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 180.159 km1,286 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 12GEOID 06012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.263 | 0.842500K: 0.761 | 70.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 35.3% | 314.621 km6,525 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (Senate) District 34GEOID 53034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.406500K: 0.137 | 0.809500K: 0.524 | 75.0middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 66.3% | 102.31 km748 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (House) District 34GEOID 53034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.137 | 0.809500K: 0.524 | 70.2middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 66.3% | 102.31 km748 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · State Senate District 12GEOID 32012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.406500K: 0.408 | 0.790500K: 0.790 | 75.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 47.182 km1,043 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State House District 25GEOID 41025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.406500K: 0.423 | 0.805500K: 0.806 | 70.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.0% | 34.048 km986 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ID · State Senate District 25GEOID 16025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.407500K: 0.413 | 0.783500K: 0.785 | 75.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 48.02 km869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ID · State House District 25GEOID 16025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.413 | 0.783500K: 0.785 | 70.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 48.02 km869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 2GEOID 72002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.437 | 0.795500K: 0.800 | 70.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.0% | 29.92 km621 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 66GEOID 13066 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.413 | 0.812500K: 0.813 | 70.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 57.842 km938 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State Senate District 21GEOID 56021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.407500K: 0.412 | 0.886500K: 0.887 | 75.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 308.826 km2,525 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 6GEOID 36006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.407500K: 0.421 | 0.794500K: 0.794 | 75.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.3% | 58.052 km859 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State Senate District 21GEOID 44021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.407500K: 0.428 | 0.885500K: 0.885 | 75.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.0% | 114.037 km3,248 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 80GEOID 20080 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.413 | 0.818500K: 0.819 | 70.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 191.371 km1,655 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 45GEOID 09045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.410 | 0.760500K: 0.760 | 70.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 100.571 km1,603 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State Senate District 27GEOID 46027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.407500K: 0.410 | 0.796500K: 0.796 | 75.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 744.195 km5,132 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SD · State House District 27GEOID 46027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.410 | 0.796500K: 0.796 | 70.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 744.195 km5,132 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 18GEOID 42018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.431 | 0.727500K: 0.726 | 70.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.6% | 41.293 km1,314 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 81GEOID 01081 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.419 | 0.813500K: 0.813 | 70.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 256.925 km2,728 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 55GEOID 19055 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.407 | 0.734500K: 0.734 | 70.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 335.607 km1,846 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State Senate District 50GEOID 18050 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.407500K: 0.415 | 0.801500K: 0.801 | 75.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 187.598 km2,597 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State Senate District 12GEOID 41012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.407500K: 0.412 | 0.833500K: 0.833 | 75.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 336.831 km4,047 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 1st Suffolk DistrictGEOID 25123 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.407500K: 0.373 | 0.736500K: 0.698 | 70.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.6% | 25.529 km291 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 4GEOID 05004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.410 | 0.854500K: 0.854 | 70.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 268.443 km2,511 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 3GEOID 13003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.413 | 0.834500K: 0.835 | 70.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 98.51 km1,479 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 125GEOID 29125 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.411 | 0.817500K: 0.817 | 70.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 364.898 km3,769 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 86GEOID 55086 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.412 | 0.861500K: 0.862 | 70.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 284.815 km2,822 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 74GEOID 47074 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.420 | 0.814500K: 0.815 | 70.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.0% | 380.872 km4,387 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 53GEOID 09053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.413 | 0.768500K: 0.770 | 70.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 79.697 km1,063 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · State Senate District 16GEOID 54016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.408500K: 0.422 | 0.820500K: 0.819 | 75.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 160.336 km3,701 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · Congressional District 4GEOID 2604 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.408500K: 0.438 | 0.782500K: 0.760 | 83.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.0% | 557.815 km2,283 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 99GEOID 26099 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.427 | 0.808500K: 0.777 | 70.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.5% | 552.055 km1,231 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State House District 21GEOID 08021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.413 | 0.813500K: 0.813 | 70.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 127.65 km1,475 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 3GEOID 36003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.408500K: 0.356 | 0.843500K: 0.804 | 75.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 12.7% | 160.203 km1,543 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State Senate District 34GEOID 51034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.408500K: 0.403 | 0.813500K: 0.810 | 75.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 84.293 km3,884 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 88GEOID 37088 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.418 | 0.831500K: 0.832 | 70.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 45.813 km1,240 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State Senate District 4GEOID 26004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.408500K: 0.390 | 0.787500K: 0.775 | 75.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.5% | 141.224 km1,452 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · Assembly District 16GEOID 32016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.410 | 0.804500K: 0.804 | 70.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 48.957 km943 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State House District 18GEOID 02018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.400 | 0.758500K: 0.755 | 70.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 62.005 km668 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 3GEOID 40003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.408500K: 0.415 | 0.845500K: 0.845 | 75.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 325.741 km4,950 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 146GEOID 23146 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.408500K: 0.406 | 0.764500K: 0.804 | 70.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 77.213 km913 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Merrimack 19GEOID 33619 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.409500K: 0.415 | 0.842500K: 0.842 | 70.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 35.506 km562 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (Senate) District 38GEOID 53038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.409500K: 0.217 | 0.831500K: 0.624 | 75.7middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 46.9% | 97.792 km2,023 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WA · Legislative (House) District 38GEOID 53038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.409500K: 0.217 | 0.831500K: 0.624 | 70.7middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 46.9% | 97.792 km2,023 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 87GEOID 26087 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.409500K: 0.423 | 0.794500K: 0.799 | 70.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.3% | 88.707 km609 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 75GEOID 36075 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.409500K: 0.418 | 0.791500K: 0.791 | 70.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 15.938 km189 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 105GEOID 26105 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.409500K: 0.409 | 0.737500K: 0.737 | 70.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 481.699 km2,552 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 3rd Suffolk DistrictGEOID 25125 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.409500K: 0.393 | 0.721500K: 0.685 | 70.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.8% | 11.506 km264 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features