Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 801–900 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA · 16th Suffolk DistrictGEOID 25138 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.180500K: 0.204 | 0.651500K: 0.654 | 9.1lower decile | stablePP difference 11.6% | 34.344 km910 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Congressional District 16GEOID 0616 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.180500K: 0.156 | 0.656500K: 0.607 | 24.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 13.6% | 358.661 km6,774 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 103GEOID 01103 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.181500K: 0.188 | 0.658500K: 0.654 | 9.1lower decile | stablePP difference 4.0% | 71.645 km1,398 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · Congressional District 12GEOID 4212 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.181500K: 0.192 | 0.778500K: 0.778 | 24.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 6.1% | 279.314 km7,613 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 12th Bristol DistrictGEOID 25021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.181500K: 0.189 | 0.624500K: 0.625 | 9.1lower decile | stablePP difference 4.5% | 124.1 km2,597 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 96GEOID 48096 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.181500K: 0.194 | 0.658500K: 0.658 | 9.2lower decile | stablePP difference 6.4% | 135.251 km3,893 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 32GEOID 28032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.181500K: 0.182 | 0.639500K: 0.639 | 9.2lower decile | stablePP difference 0.7% | 253.949 km1,657 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · Congressional District 9GEOID 0409 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.181500K: 0.183 | 0.623500K: 0.623 | 24.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.1% | 2,048.546 km17,968 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 84GEOID 21084 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.181500K: 0.190 | 0.666500K: 0.666 | 9.2lower decile | stablePP difference 4.7% | 431.027 km7,976 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State Senate District 5GEOID 23005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.182500K: 0.197 | 0.708500K: 0.709 | 12.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 7.6% | 883.802 km36,179 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 96GEOID 18096 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.185 | 0.670500K: 0.670 | 9.2lower decile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 59.665 km1,004 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 84GEOID 13084 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.191 | 0.612500K: 0.612 | 9.2lower decile | stablePP difference 5.1% | 55.07 km1,057 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 84GEOID 51084 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.176 | 0.699500K: 0.689 | 9.3lower decile | stablePP difference 3.1% | 222.624 km3,518 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 75GEOID 29075 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.191 | 0.557500K: 0.558 | 9.3lower decile | stablePP difference 4.7% | 43.96 km1,066 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 35GEOID 44035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.235 | 0.721500K: 0.721 | 9.3lower decile | resolution sensitivePP difference 22.7% | 74.663 km4,284 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Congressional District 5GEOID 2505 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.182500K: 0.182 | 0.630500K: 0.622 | 24.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.1% | 206.942 km4,062 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State Senate District 36GEOID 35036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.182500K: 0.186 | 0.578500K: 0.579 | 12.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.3% | 262.814 km5,179 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 83GEOID 19083 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.187 | 0.765500K: 0.765 | 9.3lower decile | stablePP difference 2.7% | 290.358 km2,609 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 75GEOID 54075 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.193 | 0.624500K: 0.624 | 9.3lower decile | stablePP difference 5.7% | 102.278 km3,593 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 17GEOID 54017 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.182500K: 0.188 | 0.610500K: 0.610 | 9.4lower decile | stablePP difference 3.1% | 212.084 km4,899 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State Senate District 3GEOID 48003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.183500K: 0.199 | 0.795500K: 0.795 | 12.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 8.1% | 1,661.507 km24,723 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State Senate District 9GEOID 38009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.183500K: 0.189 | 0.561500K: 0.561 | 13.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 603.603 km5,564 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ND · State House District 9GEOID 38009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.183500K: 0.189 | 0.561500K: 0.561 | 9.4lower decile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 603.603 km5,564 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · First Suffolk DistrictGEOID 25D30 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.183500K: 0.114 | 0.563500K: 0.365 | 13.0lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 37.9% | 101.559 km671 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 21GEOID 35021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.183500K: 0.185 | 0.576500K: 0.575 | 9.4lower decile | stablePP difference 1.4% | 32.36 km441 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State House District 29GEOID 08029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.183500K: 0.190 | 0.594500K: 0.595 | 9.4lower decile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 77.001 km1,282 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 130GEOID 29130 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.183500K: 0.189 | 0.695500K: 0.694 | 9.4lower decile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 98.127 km1,431 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OR · State Senate District 4GEOID 41004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.183500K: 0.188 | 0.620500K: 0.620 | 13.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.6% | 161.552 km3,405 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 13th Essex DistrictGEOID 25036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.183500K: 0.200 | 0.595500K: 0.596 | 9.5lower decile | stablePP difference 8.5% | 73.674 km2,176 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State Senate District 42GEOID 19042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.183500K: 0.187 | 0.876500K: 0.876 | 13.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 462.334 km4,419 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 97GEOID 45097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.183500K: 0.189 | 0.690500K: 0.690 | 9.5lower decile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 311.282 km6,184 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 32GEOID 45032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.184500K: 0.191 | 0.682500K: 0.694 | 13.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 671.035 km9,721 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State House District 38GEOID 02038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.184500K: 0.146 | 0.507500K: 0.477 | 9.5lower decile | resolution sensitivePP difference 20.3% | 2,250.111 km9,591 vertices · 4 parts · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 99GEOID 01099 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.184500K: 0.186 | 0.551500K: 0.552 | 9.5lower decile | stablePP difference 1.4% | 96.104 km1,798 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 26GEOID 54026 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.184500K: 0.194 | 0.595500K: 0.595 | 9.5lower decile | stablePP difference 4.9% | 69.341 km1,920 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 8GEOID 48008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.184500K: 0.193 | 0.706500K: 0.706 | 9.6lower decile | stablePP difference 4.7% | 820.349 km14,906 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 28GEOID 23028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.185500K: 0.192 | 0.665500K: 0.665 | 9.6lower decile | stablePP difference 4.1% | 249.201 km4,427 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 53GEOID 39053 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.185500K: 0.226 | 0.687500K: 0.706 | 9.6lower decile | stablePP difference 18.3% | 100.4 km4,555 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 22GEOID 45022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.185500K: 0.187 | 0.492500K: 0.492 | 13.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 128.325 km3,113 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 76GEOID 28076 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.185500K: 0.186 | 0.618500K: 0.618 | 9.6lower decile | stablePP difference 1.0% | 308.149 km4,010 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 114GEOID 37114 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.185500K: 0.194 | 0.614500K: 0.615 | 9.7lower decile | stablePP difference 4.8% | 210.977 km5,480 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · Congressional District 10GEOID 4810 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.185500K: 0.190 | 0.657500K: 0.657 | 25.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 1,171.997 km16,820 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 25GEOID 22025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.185500K: 0.188 | 0.724500K: 0.724 | 9.7lower decile | stablePP difference 1.7% | 475.234 km7,096 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AK · State Senate District MGEOID 0200M · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.185500K: 0.180 | 0.598500K: 0.587 | 13.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.7% | 236.005 km2,455 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State Senate District 12GEOID 21012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.185500K: 0.189 | 0.696500K: 0.697 | 13.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.9% | 338.689 km3,901 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 12GEOID 36012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.185500K: 0.195 | 0.617500K: 0.619 | 13.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.7% | 42.529 km563 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State House District 10GEOID 08010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.185500K: 0.195 | 0.680500K: 0.680 | 9.7lower decile | stablePP difference 4.9% | 66.819 km1,411 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ID · Congressional District 1GEOID 1601 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.185500K: 0.190 | 0.735500K: 0.735 | 25.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 2,643.649 km32,315 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 35GEOID 22035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.185500K: 0.203 | 0.693500K: 0.693 | 9.7lower decile | stablePP difference 8.8% | 199.394 km2,878 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 47GEOID 17047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.186500K: 0.188 | 0.743500K: 0.743 | 13.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 1,034.324 km11,303 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · State Senate District 25GEOID 34025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.186500K: 0.196 | 0.694500K: 0.694 | 13.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.1% | 229.752 km8,713 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Assembly District 25GEOID 34025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.196 | 0.694500K: 0.694 | 9.7lower decile | stablePP difference 5.1% | 229.752 km8,713 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 5GEOID 39005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.194 | 0.737500K: 0.738 | 9.8lower decile | stablePP difference 4.4% | 122.963 km2,385 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 10GEOID 22010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.186500K: 0.189 | 0.707500K: 0.708 | 13.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.8% | 69.403 km753 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State Senate District 35GEOID 44035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.186500K: 0.194 | 0.602500K: 0.603 | 13.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.1% | 85.06 km2,258 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 28GEOID 40028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.187 | 0.654500K: 0.654 | 9.8lower decile | stablePP difference 0.5% | 414.508 km6,912 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 67GEOID 45067 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.189 | 0.556500K: 0.556 | 9.8lower decile | stablePP difference 1.8% | 127.62 km2,016 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State House District 73GEOID 49073 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.198 | 0.634500K: 0.635 | 9.8lower decile | stablePP difference 5.9% | 162.316 km3,210 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 78GEOID 06078 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.201 | 0.662500K: 0.664 | 9.8lower decile | stablePP difference 7.6% | 147.583 km3,570 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 25GEOID 05025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.189 | 0.682500K: 0.682 | 9.8lower decile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 334.273 km4,156 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State Senate District 32GEOID 09032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.186500K: 0.192 | 0.643500K: 0.643 | 13.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 212.6 km4,173 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 48GEOID 13048 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.194 | 0.618500K: 0.621 | 9.9lower decile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 68.066 km1,767 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 4AGEOID 2704A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.193 | 0.680500K: 0.681 | 9.9lower decile | stablePP difference 3.7% | 54.53 km546 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 1GEOID 48001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.186500K: 0.204 | 0.750500K: 0.753 | 9.9lower decile | stablePP difference 8.5% | 849.422 km16,488 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 23GEOID 17023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.186500K: 0.191 | 0.581500K: 0.581 | 13.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 100.271 km1,877 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 13GEOID 13013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.196 | 0.739500K: 0.740 | 9.9lower decile | stablePP difference 5.0% | 154.622 km2,775 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 76GEOID 54076 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.194 | 0.615500K: 0.617 | 9.9lower decile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 112.781 km3,160 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Congressional District 33GEOID 0633 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.187500K: 0.195 | 0.680500K: 0.679 | 25.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.3% | 182.123 km4,395 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 54GEOID 55054 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.220 | 0.619500K: 0.619 | 10.0lower decile | stablePP difference 15.2% | 84.397 km3,706 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 38GEOID 72038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.206 | 0.675500K: 0.674 | 10.0lower decile | stablePP difference 9.2% | 87.821 km3,354 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 197GEOID 42197 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.196 | 0.598500K: 0.601 | 10.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.5% | 23.661 km382 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 100GEOID 28100 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.191 | 0.592500K: 0.592 | 10.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 264.322 km2,831 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 29GEOID 36029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.187500K: 0.194 | 0.600500K: 0.599 | 13.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.7% | 42.092 km507 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 25GEOID 45025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.195 | 0.612500K: 0.613 | 10.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.8% | 99.402 km2,786 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 47GEOID 13047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.187500K: 0.193 | 0.659500K: 0.659 | 13.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 337.451 km8,535 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 41GEOID 54041 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.187500K: 0.196 | 0.637500K: 0.637 | 10.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.4% | 268.43 km8,631 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 39GEOID 22039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.187500K: 0.189 | 0.764500K: 0.764 | 13.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.7% | 300.641 km3,020 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State Senate District 2GEOID 48002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.187500K: 0.195 | 0.714500K: 0.714 | 13.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.0% | 797.203 km14,411 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 36GEOID 06036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.190 | 0.556500K: 0.556 | 10.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.0% | 1,381.381 km12,869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State Senate District 16GEOID 47016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.188500K: 0.191 | 0.672500K: 0.672 | 13.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.8% | 684.39 km8,999 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 69GEOID 01069 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.196 | 0.614500K: 0.614 | 10.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.1% | 583.319 km8,314 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 24GEOID 47024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.199 | 0.647500K: 0.647 | 10.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.7% | 123.553 km4,240 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 42GEOID 37042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.188500K: 0.196 | 0.692500K: 0.692 | 14.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 135.354 km4,435 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · Congressional District 9GEOID 5109 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.188500K: 0.199 | 0.767500K: 0.767 | 25.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.4% | 1,326.169 km28,951 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 20GEOID 29020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.194 | 0.601500K: 0.602 | 10.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.9% | 103.447 km1,152 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 20GEOID 29020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.188500K: 0.191 | 0.729500K: 0.729 | 14.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 628.378 km8,254 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 91GEOID 28091 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.191 | 0.752500K: 0.752 | 10.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.4% | 374.378 km4,181 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 57GEOID 48057 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.191 | 0.665500K: 0.665 | 10.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.7% | 183.061 km3,240 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 28GEOID 19028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.190 | 0.683500K: 0.683 | 10.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.1% | 127.874 km916 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 99GEOID 21099 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.199 | 0.740500K: 0.740 | 10.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.4% | 395.418 km8,104 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 7th Essex DistrictGEOID 25030 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.188500K: 0.294 | 0.483500K: 0.317 | 10.3lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 35.9% | 56.168 km864 vertices · 5 parts · 0 holes |
| LA · Congressional District 3GEOID 2203 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.189500K: 0.091 | 0.712500K: 0.622 | 25.9middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 51.5% | 1,354.968 km10,399 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 24GEOID 22024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.189500K: 0.190 | 0.561500K: 0.561 | 14.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.0% | 239.799 km2,876 vertices · 1 part · 1 hole |
| CA · State Senate District 2GEOID 06002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.189500K: 0.169 | 0.670500K: 0.652 | 14.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 10.7% | 1,665.695 km20,546 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 7GEOID 42007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.189500K: 0.194 | 0.535500K: 0.535 | 14.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.4% | 83.52 km1,922 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 42GEOID 42042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.189500K: 0.201 | 0.667500K: 0.668 | 14.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.9% | 101.67 km2,843 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 31GEOID 21031 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.189500K: 0.195 | 0.649500K: 0.650 | 10.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 52.666 km1,612 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 90GEOID 19090 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.189500K: 0.199 | 0.656500K: 0.659 | 10.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.0% | 40.07 km560 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 64GEOID 44064 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.189500K: 0.191 | 0.469500K: 0.469 | 10.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.8% | 24.513 km410 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 102GEOID 28102 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.189500K: 0.194 | 0.523500K: 0.523 | 10.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.5% | 61.176 km1,570 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features