Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 1,301–1,400 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS · State House District 85GEOID 28085 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.214 | 0.770500K: 0.770 | 15.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.2% | 430.108 km5,688 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 23GEOID 22023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.215 | 0.710500K: 0.710 | 19.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 125.768 km1,791 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 99GEOID 18099 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.215 | 0.554500K: 0.555 | 15.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.4% | 54.216 km980 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 161GEOID 42161 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.226 | 0.746500K: 0.746 | 15.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 6.3% | 56.608 km2,013 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State Senate District 22GEOID 35022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.219 | 0.749500K: 0.749 | 20.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.4% | 1,299.393 km19,796 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| MT · State Senate District 39GEOID 30039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.219 | 0.716500K: 0.716 | 20.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 1,182.438 km12,145 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 41AGEOID 2741A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.221 | 0.644500K: 0.644 | 15.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.3% | 131.19 km3,884 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 8GEOID 45008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.216 | 0.637500K: 0.637 | 20.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 103.81 km2,580 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 5GEOID 22005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.224 | 0.735500K: 0.736 | 15.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.3% | 313.433 km8,097 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State House District 43GEOID 17043 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.221 | 0.547500K: 0.547 | 15.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 63.899 km1,192 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Congressional District 2GEOID 2502 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.212500K: 0.218 | 0.683500K: 0.683 | 33.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 534.554 km7,249 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 12GEOID 08012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.215 | 0.683500K: 0.683 | 20.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 246.753 km2,674 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 37GEOID 06037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.213 | 0.521500K: 0.431 | 15.8lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 0.4% | 772.954 km5,957 vertices · 3 parts · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 5GEOID 09005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.216 | 0.543500K: 0.545 | 15.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.0% | 46.567 km771 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State House District 33GEOID 56033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.219 | 0.728500K: 0.729 | 15.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 637.235 km8,197 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · State Senate District 36GEOID 34036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.222 | 0.557500K: 0.557 | 20.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.6% | 69.088 km2,188 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Assembly District 36GEOID 34036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.222 | 0.557500K: 0.557 | 15.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.6% | 69.088 km2,188 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 5th Barnstable DistrictGEOID 25005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.207 | 0.658500K: 0.627 | 15.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.4% | 119.101 km3,127 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 6GEOID 40006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.221 | 0.696500K: 0.697 | 20.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 720 km10,264 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 26GEOID 37026 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.218 | 0.805500K: 0.805 | 20.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.5% | 388.718 km8,310 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 9GEOID 13009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.220 | 0.686500K: 0.687 | 20.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 111.207 km2,819 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Carroll 04GEOID 33104 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.216 | 0.624500K: 0.625 | 15.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.7% | 162.005 km2,182 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 198GEOID 42198 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.216 | 0.556500K: 0.556 | 15.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.5% | 24.492 km386 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · Assembly District 18GEOID 55018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.223 | 0.568500K: 0.570 | 16.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.8% | 33.073 km905 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 13GEOID 54013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.212500K: 0.232 | 0.708500K: 0.709 | 16.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 8.4% | 63.035 km1,730 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · Congressional District 8GEOID 1808 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.212500K: 0.215 | 0.728500K: 0.728 | 33.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 1,121.607 km10,065 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 24GEOID 13024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.212500K: 0.218 | 0.676500K: 0.676 | 20.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.6% | 609.648 km13,452 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 52GEOID 06052 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.222 | 0.669500K: 0.670 | 16.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.1% | 82.314 km1,717 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Senate District 39GEOID 24039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.213500K: 0.223 | 0.630500K: 0.630 | 20.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.8% | 66.697 km1,373 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative District 39GEOID 24039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.223 | 0.630500K: 0.630 | 16.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.8% | 66.697 km1,373 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 47GEOID 01047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.228 | 0.693500K: 0.694 | 16.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 6.8% | 52.987 km1,519 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WI · State Senate District 7GEOID 55007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.213500K: 0.300 | 0.703500K: 0.704 | 20.5lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 29.2% | 93.927 km3,918 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 37GEOID 35037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.216 | 0.559500K: 0.560 | 16.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 42.596 km1,214 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AZ · Congressional District 4GEOID 0404 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.213500K: 0.215 | 0.649500K: 0.649 | 33.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 165.805 km1,969 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 27GEOID 19027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.216 | 0.639500K: 0.639 | 16.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 63.223 km594 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 1GEOID 37001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.213500K: 0.050 | 0.730500K: 0.535 | 20.5lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 76.4% | 924.139 km13,158 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 19GEOID 72019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.181 | 0.251500K: 0.181 | 16.1lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 14.8% | 186.679 km4,269 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 42GEOID 13042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.213500K: 0.220 | 0.666500K: 0.666 | 20.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 352.639 km10,087 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State Senate District 21GEOID 28021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.213500K: 0.220 | 0.710500K: 0.710 | 20.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.0% | 488.542 km6,931 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 39GEOID 29039 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.217 | 0.638500K: 0.638 | 16.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 138.282 km967 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 12GEOID 36012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.117 | 0.629500K: 0.484 | 16.1lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 45.0% | 122.855 km1,186 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 15GEOID 36015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.222 | 0.665500K: 0.666 | 16.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 96.537 km1,617 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 47GEOID 35047 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.222 | 0.686500K: 0.686 | 16.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 191.263 km5,444 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 73GEOID 22073 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.232 | 0.599500K: 0.599 | 16.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 8.3% | 227.122 km7,575 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NV · State Senate District 3GEOID 32003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.213500K: 0.214 | 0.588500K: 0.588 | 20.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.2% | 61.857 km1,380 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 71GEOID 42071 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.213500K: 0.224 | 0.651500K: 0.651 | 16.2lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.5% | 255.745 km4,450 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WY · State House District 11GEOID 56011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.226 | 0.541500K: 0.542 | 16.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.5% | 23.516 km396 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 18GEOID 13018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.224 | 0.756500K: 0.756 | 20.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.5% | 452.294 km8,938 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| NV · State Senate District 15GEOID 32015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.221 | 0.605500K: 0.607 | 20.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.2% | 107.082 km1,786 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 35GEOID 47035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.215 | 0.667500K: 0.667 | 16.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.7% | 189.93 km2,670 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 18GEOID 72018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.284 | 0.489500K: 0.495 | 16.3lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 24.8% | 149.045 km4,179 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Merrimack 17GEOID 33617 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.221 | 0.529500K: 0.531 | 16.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 18.019 km268 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 24GEOID 06024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.214 | 0.645500K: 0.623 | 16.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.3% | 163.901 km3,629 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State Senate District 18GEOID 20018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.216 | 0.651500K: 0.651 | 20.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 0.9% | 474.473 km10,711 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 67GEOID 44067 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.255 | 0.558500K: 0.708 | 16.4lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 16.2% | 49.875 km508 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 99GEOID 22099 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.221 | 0.627500K: 0.628 | 16.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.1% | 58.693 km1,237 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 134GEOID 42134 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.223 | 0.718500K: 0.718 | 16.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.9% | 45.018 km955 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 65GEOID 19065 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.219 | 0.726500K: 0.725 | 16.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 266.966 km2,759 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 3GEOID 13003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.210 | 0.705500K: 0.694 | 20.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.1% | 714.389 km14,757 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State Senate District 7GEOID 37007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.202 | 0.695500K: 0.667 | 20.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.7% | 220.137 km2,901 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 9GEOID 01009 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.223 | 0.750500K: 0.751 | 16.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.1% | 248.182 km4,931 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 52GEOID 37052 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.220 | 0.645500K: 0.645 | 16.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.5% | 307.176 km6,003 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · Delegate District 69GEOID 54069 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.224 | 0.700500K: 0.700 | 16.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.3% | 205.902 km5,626 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| WV · State Senate District 12GEOID 54012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.220 | 0.612500K: 0.612 | 21.0lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 480.347 km6,948 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ID · State Senate District 4GEOID 16004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.227 | 0.675500K: 0.675 | 21.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.5% | 54.417 km1,339 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ID · State House District 4GEOID 16004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.227 | 0.675500K: 0.675 | 16.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.5% | 54.417 km1,339 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State Senate District 12GEOID 47012 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.218 | 0.687500K: 0.687 | 21.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.6% | 741.594 km8,995 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 29GEOID 17029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.246 | 0.712500K: 0.713 | 21.1lower quartile | stablePP difference 12.7% | 122.943 km7,788 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Cape and Islands DistrictGEOID 25D40 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.214500K: 0.047 | 0.667500K: 0.215 | 21.2lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 77.9% | 535.333 km2,317 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 77GEOID 28077 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.214500K: 0.219 | 0.728500K: 0.728 | 16.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.2% | 291.766 km4,133 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 36GEOID 45036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.218 | 0.712500K: 0.712 | 21.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.7% | 443.69 km5,509 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State Senate District 6GEOID 44006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.223 | 0.556500K: 0.554 | 21.3lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.7% | 22.207 km502 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State Senate District 19GEOID 09019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.220 | 0.609500K: 0.609 | 21.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.3% | 200.725 km2,798 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · Congressional District 6GEOID 3906 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.215500K: 0.221 | 0.749500K: 0.749 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.8% | 856.481 km9,919 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 19GEOID 19019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.222 | 0.620500K: 0.621 | 16.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.4% | 72.538 km1,682 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State Senate District 13GEOID 42013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.230 | 0.727500K: 0.727 | 21.4lower quartile | stablePP difference 6.5% | 303.304 km7,731 vertices · 1 part · 10 holes |
| ME · State House District 55GEOID 23055 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.218 | 0.627500K: 0.627 | 16.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.4% | 91.841 km1,120 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State Senate District 7GEOID 30007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.221 | 0.684500K: 0.685 | 21.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 604.807 km9,164 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 70GEOID 01070 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.220 | 0.699500K: 0.700 | 16.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.3% | 62.491 km1,440 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 40GEOID 45040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.240 | 0.705500K: 0.705 | 21.5lower quartile | stablePP difference 10.5% | 623.232 km24,097 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 15th Essex DistrictGEOID 25038 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.224 | 0.578500K: 0.579 | 16.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.8% | 67.544 km1,255 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 55GEOID 51055 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.223 | 0.702500K: 0.702 | 16.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.7% | 379.536 km10,567 vertices · 1 part · 1 hole |
| GA · State House District 29GEOID 13029 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.221 | 0.620500K: 0.621 | 16.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.8% | 81.906 km1,289 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 115GEOID 37115 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.226 | 0.679500K: 0.679 | 16.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 4.8% | 230.698 km6,735 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State Senate District 17GEOID 05017 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.221 | 0.660500K: 0.659 | 21.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.5% | 219.924 km4,476 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State Senate District 21GEOID 21021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.222 | 0.651500K: 0.651 | 21.6lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.0% | 483.065 km5,771 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 67GEOID 48067 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.221 | 0.680500K: 0.680 | 16.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 2.6% | 224.312 km4,062 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 54GEOID 35054 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.218 | 0.726500K: 0.726 | 16.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.2% | 1,062.94 km9,194 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · Third Bristol and Plymouth DistrictGEOID 25D36 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.184 | 0.599500K: 0.593 | 21.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 14.7% | 233.003 km3,524 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State House District 22GEOID 72022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.229 | 0.687500K: 0.688 | 16.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 5.9% | 207.837 km5,076 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 32GEOID 29032 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.223 | 0.697500K: 0.697 | 16.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.3% | 147.04 km1,371 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 2GEOID 29002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.215500K: 0.224 | 0.777500K: 0.777 | 21.7lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.7% | 213.402 km3,353 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| ME · State House District 42GEOID 23042 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.046 | 0.578500K: 0.093 | 16.8lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 78.8% | 246.076 km987 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 44GEOID 19044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.215500K: 0.223 | 0.714500K: 0.715 | 16.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 3.5% | 48.181 km681 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| FL · State Senate District 40GEOID 12040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.216500K: 0.055 | 0.537500K: 0.296 | 21.8lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 74.4% | 1,025.758 km2,796 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| IN · State Senate District 49GEOID 18049 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.216500K: 0.220 | 0.728500K: 0.728 | 21.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.9% | 302.578 km2,860 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 96GEOID 05096 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.216500K: 0.232 | 0.756500K: 0.756 | 16.8lower quartile | stablePP difference 7.1% | 639.335 km14,079 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PR · State Senate District 2GEOID 72002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.216500K: 0.279 | 0.732500K: 0.735 | 21.9lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 22.6% | 128.921 km5,767 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 17GEOID 15017 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.216500K: 0.212 | 0.441500K: 0.290 | 16.8lower quartile | resolution sensitivePP difference 1.9% | 346.396 km1,974 vertices · 3 parts · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 18GEOID 44018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.216500K: 0.220 | 0.608500K: 0.611 | 16.9lower quartile | stablePP difference 1.8% | 18.763 km422 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features