Advisory boundary-shape measurements
District compactness, without pretending it proves intent.
Compare Polsby–Popper and convex-hull ratios for official 2024 congressional and state legislative boundaries. Detailed measurements are checked against Census 1:500,000 geometry so resolution-sensitive shapes remain visible instead of becoming false precision.
Compactness is a descriptive screen, not a gerrymandering severity score.
Low values can reflect coastlines, islands, political subdivisions, communities of interest, legal requirements, or map resolution. They do not establish partisan intent, illegality, representational quality, fraud, or misconduct.
Comparable shape metrics
Official plan boundaries
Showing 2,201–2,300 of 7,272
| District | Type | Polsby–Popper | Convex hull | Relative percentile | Resolution check | Boundary detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS · State House District 36GEOID 28036 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.260 | 0.758500K: 0.758 | 27.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 287.237 km5,089 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VT · Addison-5 State House DistrictGEOID 50A-5 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.262 | 0.609500K: 0.609 | 27.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.5% | 108.546 km1,454 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 20GEOID 39020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.237 | 0.735500K: 0.727 | 27.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.3% | 67.413 km721 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 117GEOID 09117 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.260 | 0.691500K: 0.664 | 27.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.7% | 38.075 km908 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State Senate District 14GEOID 30014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.256500K: 0.261 | 0.707500K: 0.707 | 32.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 1,093.631 km9,644 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State House District 49GEOID 08049 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.261 | 0.679500K: 0.679 | 28.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 660.284 km7,913 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 7GEOID 35007 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.259 | 0.579500K: 0.580 | 28.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.3% | 112.999 km1,530 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 24GEOID 21024 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.265 | 0.815500K: 0.815 | 28.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 351.313 km4,010 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State Senate District 15GEOID 30015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.256500K: 0.263 | 0.801500K: 0.801 | 32.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 984.413 km13,397 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 45GEOID 45045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.262 | 0.704500K: 0.705 | 28.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.4% | 232.543 km3,591 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 84GEOID 48084 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.257 | 0.673500K: 0.673 | 28.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 187.842 km1,544 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 92GEOID 30092 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.262 | 0.699500K: 0.699 | 28.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.5% | 374.384 km3,715 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| UT · State House District 8GEOID 49008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.268 | 0.780500K: 0.780 | 28.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.4% | 219.338 km6,685 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 13GEOID 13013 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.256500K: 0.270 | 0.727500K: 0.727 | 32.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.1% | 636.311 km8,268 vertices · 2 parts · 0 holes |
| AL · State House District 74GEOID 01074 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.262 | 0.686500K: 0.686 | 28.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 52.11 km1,141 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State Senate District 2GEOID 30002 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.256500K: 0.264 | 0.761500K: 0.761 | 32.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.9% | 533.289 km8,707 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State Senate District 14GEOID 28014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.256500K: 0.261 | 0.710500K: 0.710 | 32.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 478.713 km5,653 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 58GEOID 36058 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.256500K: 0.257 | 0.661500K: 0.661 | 28.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 20.644 km206 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 133GEOID 42133 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.262 | 0.654500K: 0.654 | 28.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 55.393 km1,078 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 25GEOID 36025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.257500K: 0.262 | 0.688500K: 0.688 | 32.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 27.545 km380 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State Senate District 37GEOID 45037 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.257500K: 0.262 | 0.769500K: 0.769 | 32.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 304.377 km6,278 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 45GEOID 42045 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.270 | 0.736500K: 0.736 | 28.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.0% | 75.082 km2,309 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State Senate District 15GEOID 40015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.257500K: 0.258 | 0.760500K: 0.760 | 33.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 210.23 km2,237 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 67GEOID 28067 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.265 | 0.716500K: 0.718 | 28.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 39.895 km862 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 33GEOID 15033 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.283 | 0.636500K: 0.636 | 28.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 9.2% | 36.506 km1,155 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State Senate District 8GEOID 26008 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.257500K: 0.262 | 0.723500K: 0.723 | 33.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 78.955 km1,054 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 94GEOID 18094 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.261 | 0.659500K: 0.660 | 28.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 46.126 km766 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| PA · State House District 177GEOID 42177 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.265 | 0.593500K: 0.598 | 28.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 31.01 km386 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 11GEOID 13011 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.260 | 0.715500K: 0.715 | 28.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 199.39 km2,587 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 85GEOID 18085 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.260 | 0.743500K: 0.743 | 28.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 226.582 km2,625 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State House District 6AGEOID 2706A · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.259 | 0.646500K: 0.646 | 28.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.7% | 428.054 km3,902 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OK · State House District 1GEOID 40001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.266 | 0.867500K: 0.867 | 28.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 591.991 km7,410 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 33rd Middlesex DistrictGEOID 25091 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.267 | 0.658500K: 0.659 | 28.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.7% | 20.572 km412 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 88GEOID 48088 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.257500K: 0.258 | 0.580500K: 0.580 | 28.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.0% | 1,516.618 km4,439 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AL · State Senate District 34GEOID 01034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.268 | 0.842500K: 0.842 | 33.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.9% | 310.319 km5,292 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 93GEOID 36093 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.270 | 0.585500K: 0.585 | 28.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.5% | 154.885 km4,728 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Senate District 14GEOID 24014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.273 | 0.718500K: 0.719 | 33.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.8% | 121.965 km3,191 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative District 14GEOID 24014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.273 | 0.718500K: 0.719 | 28.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.8% | 121.965 km3,191 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 27GEOID 08027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.261 | 0.671500K: 0.671 | 33.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.2% | 148.477 km1,600 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State House District 6GEOID 08006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.263 | 0.603500K: 0.603 | 28.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 33.746 km950 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · Assembly District 28GEOID 06028 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.267 | 0.769500K: 0.774 | 28.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.6% | 281.847 km5,937 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · Congressional District 1GEOID 4401 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.258500K: 0.062 | 0.582500K: 0.467 | 46.4middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 75.9% | 253.788 km2,869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CA · State Senate District 10GEOID 06010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.254 | 0.753500K: 0.757 | 33.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 196.635 km4,431 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 78GEOID 18078 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.263 | 0.739500K: 0.739 | 28.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 81.366 km1,274 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 103GEOID 37103 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.263 | 0.602500K: 0.602 | 28.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 64.013 km1,583 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 136GEOID 13136 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.269 | 0.769500K: 0.769 | 28.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.1% | 282.573 km5,828 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 64GEOID 45064 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.262 | 0.712500K: 0.713 | 28.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 341.813 km4,593 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 10GEOID 21010 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.266 | 0.715500K: 0.715 | 28.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.0% | 305.791 km4,264 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State Senate District 44GEOID 13044 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.270 | 0.819500K: 0.820 | 33.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.3% | 95.587 km1,869 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · State Senate District 48GEOID 36048 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.335 | 0.668500K: 0.790 | 33.3middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 22.8% | 423.707 km2,877 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KS · State House District 103GEOID 20103 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.263 | 0.708500K: 0.708 | 28.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.7% | 35.037 km498 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 23GEOID 05023 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.262 | 0.764500K: 0.765 | 28.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.5% | 190.473 km2,563 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State Senate District 5GEOID 29005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.261 | 0.660500K: 0.660 | 33.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 75.37 km1,172 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 99GEOID 47099 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.269 | 0.795500K: 0.796 | 28.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.1% | 144.097 km2,890 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| RI · State House District 16GEOID 44016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.272 | 0.645500K: 0.646 | 28.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.0% | 17.579 km460 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NC · State House District 79GEOID 37079 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.053 | 0.682500K: 0.375 | 28.6middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 79.3% | 709.049 km17,778 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 70GEOID 51070 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.272 | 0.643500K: 0.675 | 28.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.0% | 70.826 km877 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CT · State House District 40GEOID 09040 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.326 | 0.544500K: 0.693 | 28.7middle or higher | resolution sensitivePP difference 20.7% | 55.051 km885 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 168GEOID 13168 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.273 | 0.690500K: 0.716 | 28.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.4% | 230.758 km2,492 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 4GEOID 45004 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.279 | 0.786500K: 0.786 | 28.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 7.4% | 179.075 km6,219 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · State Senate District 21GEOID 34021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.275 | 0.710500K: 0.710 | 33.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.0% | 132.259 km5,884 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NJ · Assembly District 21GEOID 34021 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.275 | 0.710500K: 0.710 | 28.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.0% | 132.259 km5,884 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 95GEOID 28095 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.256 | 0.653500K: 0.645 | 28.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 132.327 km2,264 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State Senate District 30GEOID 28030 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.258500K: 0.317 | 0.766500K: 0.767 | 33.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 18.4% | 96.099 km4,220 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 27GEOID 51027 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.258500K: 0.273 | 0.779500K: 0.777 | 28.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.5% | 69.447 km2,851 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · State House District 63GEOID 48063 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.262 | 0.839500K: 0.839 | 28.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.4% | 99.476 km1,807 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| VA · State House District 89GEOID 51089 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.264 | 0.782500K: 0.781 | 28.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.2% | 231.892 km2,978 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IA · State House District 22GEOID 19022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.260 | 0.753500K: 0.753 | 28.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.4% | 210.577 km2,054 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 3GEOID 36003 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.243 | 0.657500K: 0.632 | 28.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 6.2% | 116.534 km1,338 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TX · Congressional District 25GEOID 4825 · effective 2024-01-01 | U.S. House | 0.259500K: 0.263 | 0.709500K: 0.709 | 46.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.6% | 1,072.281 km13,060 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| GA · State House District 6GEOID 13006 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.269 | 0.773500K: 0.773 | 28.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.7% | 250.342 km5,832 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 19GEOID 28019 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.261 | 0.703500K: 0.703 | 28.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 184.63 km3,157 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 35GEOID 36035 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.267 | 0.701500K: 0.702 | 28.9middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.0% | 24.89 km311 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State House District 54GEOID 05054 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.261 | 0.738500K: 0.738 | 29.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.8% | 377.588 km4,250 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative Subdistrict 1BGEOID 2401B · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.268 | 0.799500K: 0.799 | 29.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.5% | 120.133 km2,530 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| HI · State House District 43GEOID 15043 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.282 | 0.638500K: 0.639 | 29.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 8.1% | 32.697 km1,146 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 97GEOID 36097 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.264 | 0.599500K: 0.599 | 29.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 75.392 km1,169 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MT · State House District 85GEOID 30085 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.272 | 0.793500K: 0.793 | 29.0middle or higher | stablePP difference 4.8% | 474.584 km9,349 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| KY · State House District 85GEOID 21085 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.267 | 0.754500K: 0.755 | 29.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.7% | 227.36 km4,838 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MS · State House District 63GEOID 28063 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.259500K: 0.265 | 0.767500K: 0.767 | 29.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.1% | 247.251 km2,875 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State Senate District 16GEOID 22016 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.259500K: 0.264 | 0.811500K: 0.811 | 33.5middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.7% | 80.398 km2,130 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MA · 32nd Middlesex DistrictGEOID 25090 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.266 | 0.645500K: 0.647 | 29.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.3% | 32.741 km561 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| AR · State Senate District 22GEOID 05022 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.260500K: 0.262 | 0.702500K: 0.702 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.0% | 546.346 km7,881 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| CO · State Senate District 15GEOID 08015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.260500K: 0.268 | 0.814500K: 0.814 | 33.6middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.2% | 616.796 km7,479 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NY · Assembly District 117GEOID 36117 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.264 | 0.709500K: 0.709 | 29.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.8% | 705.354 km5,819 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NM · State House District 14GEOID 35014 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.265 | 0.650500K: 0.651 | 29.1middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 31.904 km470 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State House District Belknap 01GEOID 33001 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.262 | 0.605500K: 0.604 | 29.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.6% | 82.616 km1,158 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Senate District 31GEOID 24031 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.260500K: 0.210 | 0.718500K: 0.663 | 33.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 19.2% | 126.789 km2,201 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MD · State Legislative District 31GEOID 24031 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.210 | 0.718500K: 0.663 | 29.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 19.2% | 126.789 km2,201 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| TN · State House District 34GEOID 47034 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.263 | 0.627500K: 0.627 | 29.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 112.596 km1,798 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| LA · State House District 80GEOID 22080 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.262 | 0.673500K: 0.673 | 29.2middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.9% | 27.896 km388 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IN · State House District 25GEOID 18025 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.269 | 0.702500K: 0.702 | 29.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.4% | 128.715 km1,506 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| NH · State Senate District 5GEOID 33005 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.260500K: 0.263 | 0.652500K: 0.652 | 33.7middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.1% | 283.268 km3,241 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MO · State House District 57GEOID 29057 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.261 | 0.599500K: 0.599 | 29.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.3% | 392.778 km3,766 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MI · State House District 15GEOID 26015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.260500K: 0.265 | 0.672500K: 0.672 | 29.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 1.9% | 45.356 km583 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| MN · State Senate District 15GEOID 27015 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.261500K: 0.269 | 0.815500K: 0.815 | 33.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.0% | 693.02 km12,668 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| DE · State Representative District 18GEOID 10018 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.261500K: 0.276 | 0.661500K: 0.663 | 29.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 5.7% | 32.454 km918 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| SC · State House District 101GEOID 45101 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.261500K: 0.266 | 0.762500K: 0.762 | 29.3middle or higher | stablePP difference 2.0% | 347.464 km5,167 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| IL · State Senate District 20GEOID 17020 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative upper chamber | 0.261500K: 0.271 | 0.707500K: 0.707 | 33.8middle or higher | stablePP difference 3.8% | 36.66 km1,458 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
| OH · State House District 67GEOID 39067 · effective 2024-01-01 | State legislative lower chamber | 0.261500K: 0.262 | 0.619500K: 0.619 | 29.4middle or higher | stablePP difference 0.5% | 272.576 km1,938 vertices · 1 part · 0 holes |
How the measures work
Two measures, one stability guard.
- Polsby–Popper
- 4π × area ÷ perimeter². A circle approaches 1. Coastline and boundary detail can sharply increase perimeter.
- Convex-hull ratio
- District area divided by its local equal-area convex hull. Disconnected or deeply concave shapes score lower.
- Resolution guard
- Detailed and 1:500,000 values are labeled stable only when their relative differences stay within 20% and 10%, respectively.
Election-result boundary
Outcome relationships are not calculated yet.
The repository does not yet contain a nationwide certified, same-plan-vintage district result set. Compactness is not joined to election outcomes across mismatched plans or geography.
That guard prevents district results from being compared against a different plan vintage or geography.
Source provenance
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb
Six retained and hash-pinned GeoJSON collections cover detailed and generalized versions of each district type.
- congressional · detailed 444 source features
- congressional · generalized 500k 441 source features
- state upper · detailed 1,964 source features
- state upper · generalized 500k 1,960 source features
- state lower · detailed 4,879 source features
- state lower · generalized 500k 4,874 source features